Jonathan Hillman at the Council on Foreign Relations:
Washington’s latest and boldest experiment in industrial policy is a renewed willingness to take equity stakes. Since January 2025, the U.S. government has announced investments worth $27.6 billion across thirty-seven deals involving direct ownership, broadening a toolkit that has traditionally focused on grants, loans, and tax incentives. The Department of Commerce leads the way with twenty four announced deals, including taking a 10 percent stake in Intel. The Development Finance Corporation, the United States’ development bank, has pledged six equity transactions in critical minerals, energy, and infrastructure. The Department of Defense has disclosed seven deals, and the Department of Energy has participated in two.
Return to this page for the Government Deal Tracker.
The government owning equity in private companies is unusual, to say the least. And experts say that the way the Trump administration is approaching equity could be easy to abuse.
"The federal government has powers no private shareholder possesses," said Tad DeHaven, policy analyst at the Cato Institute, in an email to Moneywise. "A government that owns the players cannot be trusted to call the game fairly."
...
While it is unusual, the U.S. government holding equity in private companies has occurred before. But there's one big difference in past ownership deals compared to these new ones.
"It hasn't been normal for Washington to accumulate stakes in otherwise private companies as a routine economic policy tool," DeHaven said. He says that several administrations — including the Carter, Bush, and Obama administrations — have accumulated stakes in companies during emergencies, such as during the Great Recession or after 9/11.
"Whatever one thinks of those interventions, they were justified as emergency stabilization measures and generally intended to be unwound," DeHaven said. "The second Trump administration is doing something quite different."




